Bloom’s Taxonomy: LI, LII, LIII
Definition
- LI. Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts and answers.
- LII. Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions and stating main ideas.
- LIII. Applying: Solve problems in new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way.
- LIV. Analyzing: Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations.
- LV. Evaluating: Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria.
- LVI. Creating: Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions.
Topic Description
Quality assurance systems are management plans that predict when errors may occur and create production systems that minimize and prevent errors from occurring in product. Quality Control systems measure the properties of a product and identify if quality defects have occurred. Both work together to increase efficiency and reduce problems with product. This topic provides participants who interact and perform quality assurance and quality control tasks with the knowledge and skills to participate in the quality management system. This ensures product is safe and meets product specifications and provides the right product consistently.
Learning Objectives
LO1. Understand the foundations of quality management in food manufacturing.
A number of international organizations provide frameworks for food or manufacturing quality assurance. ISO 9001 is the most common global quality management framework in the world; however, some food safety management schemes also integrate quality management, as food safety and quality are often within the same company mandate.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Review the typical frameworks that are used in food quality management, including but not limited to ISO 9001, and Global Food Safety Initiative programs
- P2. Discuss the importance of maintaining quality management systems as part of reducing errors, improving customer satisfaction and maintaining company productivity.
- P3. Describe the basic documents that are used in a quality management system, including but not limited to standard operating procedures, policy manuals, monitoring and verification records, deviation records, and process control records.
- P4. Describe the basic activities performed by workers as they interact with the quality management system, including following written instructions, making routine observations or measurements, documenting observations, identifying deviations, and providing feedback to supervisors or management.
LO2. Describe the elements of Plan-Do-Check-Act or PDCA as part of a quality management system.
In quality management systems, there is a cycle of activities necessary for successful implementation. PDCA cycles ensure there is opportunity for feedback and improvement within the system and is systematically performed to ensure clear communications and action.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Investigate the role of PDCA as part of the quality management system.
- P2. Describe activities performed by workers as part of the Plan process, such as verifying workplace tasks and activities, and communicating about anticipated risks or failures within different manufacturing activities.
- P3. Describe activities performed by workers as part of the Do process, such as following instructions, and working accurately.
- P4. Describe activities performed by workers as part of the Check process, such as monitoring quality attributes, performing routine measurements, and entering observations into a record keeping system.
- P5. Describe activities performed by workers as part of the Act process, such as identifying when a deviation has occurred, communicating with supervisors or management, and returning systems to operating standard as per the standard operating procedure.
LO3. Identify the elements of inputs and outputs that can be managed through quality assurance.
Within manufacturing, quality can be impacted at different points along the production cycle, from receiving of ingredients, packaging and other supplies, through the manufacturing cycle all the way to shipping and delivery to the customer. At each point of the process, there are key activities that influence quality that must be observed.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Describe how the sources of inputs can influence quality (supplier verification)
- P2. Outline how the inputs themselves can influence quality (product specification)
- P3. Describe how the actions performed on inputs can influence quality (operating procedure)
- P4. Describe how the outputs are evaluated for quality (quality monitoring and record keeping)
- P5. Describe how the receiver of the outputs might determine quality (quality record keeping)
- P6. Describe how this cycle of inputs and outputs can be used on a systems-wide basis, or on individual unit operations within the manufacturing environment.
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LO4. Interpret a product specification, and identify opportunities for quality control.
Each product being handled or manufactured will have a quality specification, where different attributes of the product are described and defined within acceptable tolerances. This documentation is a critical part of the quality program, and requires ability to interpret and compare product requirements and specifications against product received or being manufactured.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Describe a basic product, and demonstrate how quality is measured with qualitative and quantitative values.
- P2. Differentiate between a Certificate of Analysis, Letter of Guarantee and a Product Specification
- P3. Compare incoming product certificates against product specification.
- P4. Identify when product meets quality standard, or does not meet quality standard.
LO5. Follow a production workplan, and standard operating procedures.
In quality control programs, following and demonstrating skills described in a workplan is required for accurate completion of a task. Workplans allow for sequential steps to complete a task. Following the workplan reduces errors within the procedure.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Discuss the purpose of production workplans for defining tasks to perform in a production.
- P2. Understand the purpose of standard operating procedures for different pieces of equipment or different technical tasks.
- P3. Implement instructions within a standard operating procedure and a workplan.
LO6. Document quality control observations and measurements accurately.
Effective quality control programs rely on accurate measurements to be taken and recorded. These observations could be qualitative or quantitative, but are both essential to effective control of the process. Accurate measurement and documentation allows for the technician or operator to identify when a product or process may not be within the operating or critical limits of the process.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Use a variety of qualitative means for observing quality in a product.
- P2. Use a variety of quantitative means for observing quality in a product.
- P3. Document observations accurately within a variety of record keeping documents.
- P4. Identify when a product or process may be outside of an operating limit or critical limit based on qualitative or quantitative measures.
LO7. Perform data analyses and predict when quality may be impacted negatively or positively during a process.
Process operators and technicians, because they are so close to daily operations, often first identify when processes or products are not meeting quality specifications. Using standard operating procedures, and monitoring records, the operator can begin to identify where control is typically lost in a process, and analyze when it is necessary to control a process.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Identify within a typical manufacturing operation what parts of the unit operation may not be in control.
- P2. Perform data analyses to identify when qualitative or quantitative observations are in control, or requiring corrective action.
- P3. Based on qualitative and quantitative observations, predict when quality may be impacted negatively or positively during a process.
LO8. Communicate effectively with team members with respect to quality assurance and quality control..
Effective quality assurance and quality control programs are reliant on effective professional communications. Management of documentation through traditional paper filing and electronic enterprise resource planning software is required for data analysis, audit and inspection. Effective interpersonal communications allow the technician or operator the ability to provide feedback and instructions to maintain quality program integrity.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Maintain documentation and filing systems for quality assurance and quality control programs.
- P2. Perform constructive feedback and instructions within workplace scenarios that demonstrate ability to get people, products and processes back into control.
- P3. Interact with team members using a variety of professional communications.
- P4. Discuss the use of enterprise resource planning software for electronic quality data management.
Links to existing courses
Approved Accredited Training Programs (Academic, Industries, Private Trainer)
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Recognition of worker skills = Certification
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Evaluation technics / assessment
- Quizzes
- Written tests
- Multiple choice questions
