Bloom’s Taxonomy: LV, LVI
Definition
- LI. Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts and answers.
- LII. Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions and stating main ideas.
- LIII. Applying: Solve problems in new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way.
- LIV. Analyzing: Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations.
- LV. Evaluating: Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria.
- LVI. Creating: Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions.
Topic Description
This topic will help food processors develop facility waste management programs for solid waste, wastewaters and gas emissions and will outline the process and benefits of ISO 14001 Certification.
Learning Objectives
LO1. Develop a facility solid waste management and recycling program.
Develop a facility solid waste management and recycling program: characterise the waste streams, design a waste monitoring and tracking program, determine optimum waste management and recycling options, and develop a regulatory compliance program.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Characterise the facility waste streams
- a. Organic solid waste materials
- b. Packaging and shipping materials
- c. Garbage
- d. Special wastes (e.g., abattoir specified risk materials, hazardous wastes)
- P2. Design a monitoring and tracking program for each solid waste stream.
- a. Organic solid waste materials
- b. Packaging and shipping materials
- c. Garbage
- d. Special wastes (e.g. abattoir specified risk materials, hazardous wastes)
- P3. Determine optimum waste management and recycling options for each waste stream to meet the industry waste management goals and government regulations.
- a. Apply 4 R’s (reduce, reuse, recycle, recover)
- b. Evaluate relevant technologies including recycling, recovery, and disposal options.
- c. Case studies from various food processing sectors
- P4. Develop a compliance program with regards to Municipal, Provincial, and Federal environmental regulations
- a. Organic solid waste materials
- b. Packaging and shipping materials
- c. Garbage
- d. Special wastes (e.g., abattoir specified risk materials, hazardous wastes)
- P5. Establish general population complaint tracking/response system (public relations)
- P6. Develop the related Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) and validate them.
- P7. Train the staff to implement the SOPs and the above-mentioned procedures.
LO2. Create a facility liquid waste management program.
Create a facility liquid waste management program that includes wastewater management and liquid waste. Characterise the wastewater streams, develop a wastewater monitoring and tracking program, apply the 4 R’s to minimize wastewater production, determine optimum wastewater management processes and technologies, and develop a regulatory compliance program.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Characterise the facility wastewater streams
- a. Low-strength organic wastewaters
- b. High-strength organic wastewaters
- c. Examples from various food processing industries
- P2. Design a monitoring and tracking program for each wastewater stream
- a. Low-strength organic wastewaters
- b. High-strength organic wastewaters
- P3. Benchmark water use to industry averages and consider methods of water savings
- a. Low-strength organic wastewaters
- b. High-strength organic wastewaters
- P4. Determine optimum wastewater management processes and technologies to meet the industry management goals and government regulations
- a. Discharge to municipal sewer which is regulated by municipal by-laws.
- b. Environmental impacts of receiving streams to protect sources of potable water (Source Protection)
- c. Anaerobic treatment options for high-strength organic wastewaters
- d. Aerobic treatment technologies for low-strength organic wastewaters
- e. Case studies from various food processing sectors
- P5. Develop a compliance program with regards to Municipal, Provincial, and Federal environmental regulations
- a. Define flow monitoring, sampling and analysis, and reporting requirements to comply with environmental regulations and by-laws.
- b. Establishing half Maximum Acceptable Concentrations (MAC) limits to serve as warnings.
- c. Develop emergency response and contingency plans
- P6. Establish general population complaint tracking/response system (public relations)
- P7. Develop the related Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) and validate them.
- P8. Train the staff to implement the SOPs and the above-mentioned procedures.
LO3. Produce a facility gas emissions management program.
Produce a facility gas emissions management program: characterise the emission sources, develop a gas emission monitoring and tracking program, apply the 4 R’s to minimize gas emissions, determine optimum gas emissions management processes and technologies, and develop a regulatory compliance program.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Characterise the facility sources of gas emissions.
- a. Odours
- b. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- c. Greenhouse gases (GHGs)
- d. Examples from various food processing sectors
- P2. Develop a monitoring and tracking program for each gas emission source.
- a. Odours
- b. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- c. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other possible emissions from various food processing sectors)
- P3. Determine optimum emissions management processes and technologies to meet the industry management goals and government regulations.
- a. Odours
- b. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- c. Greenhouse gases (GHGs)
- d. Case studies from various food processing sectors
- P4. Develop a compliance program with regards to Municipal, Provincial, and Federal environmental regulations.
- a. Odours
- b. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- c. Greenhouse gases (GHGs)
- P5. Establish general population complaint tracking/response system (public relations)
- P6. Develop the related Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) and validate them.
- P7. Train the staff to implement the SOPs and the above-mentioned procedures.
LO4. Develop an ISO 14001 certification program for your facility.
Define the benefits and develop the objectives and process for ISO 14001 certification for your facility: scope of an environmental management system, leadership, and environmental policy, defining environmental risks and compliance obligations, establishing institutional support and capacity, designing operational controls, and evaluating and improving environmental performance.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Outline the ISO 14001 objectives and benefits.
- a. ISO 14001 objectives
- b. Review and understand the benefits from certification.
- P2. Create and design the ISO 14001 Process
- a. Define the scope for the Environmental Management System (EMS) (ISO 14001, Clauses 4.1-4.4)
- b. Provide leadership and develop an environmental policy (ISO 14001, Clauses 5.1-5.3)
- c. Identify environmental risks, opportunities, compliance obligations and establish environmental objectives (ISO 14001, Clauses 6.1-6.2)
- d. Establish institutional support and capacity for EMS (ISO 14001, Clauses 7.1-7.5)
- e. Implement operational controls (ISO 14001, Clauses 8.1-8.2)
- f. Evaluate and improve environmental performance (ISO 14001, Clauses 9.1-9.3;10.1-10.3)
LO5. Create a corporate culture that respects and appreciates the importance of waste management and recycling programs.
Management sets the cultural dynamic for adoption and effective use of waste management and recycling program. It is essential that everyone involved have a commitment to the process, and a proactive approach to implement waste management and recycling program.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Provide training and professional development for employees contributing to and performing the waste management and recycling programs.
- P2. Evaluate the cultural mindset of the team, from doubt, awareness, enlightenment, and both preventive and predictive frames of mind using a food safety cultural continuum.
- P3. Justify the risk mitigation and reduction from waste management and recycling programs.
- P4. Encourage team collaboration in waste management and recycling programs.
- P5. Value all parts of the workforce for their participation in the programs.
- P6. Provide constructive feedback in a way that encourages personal and team growth, continuous improvement, and minimizes both shame and fear.
- P7. Manage workloads and delegate tasks fairly and equitably.
- P8. Arbitrate conflicts between team members.
- P9. Celebrate successes within the team.
LO6. Develop environmental control mechanisms for chemical wastes.
Chemicals within food processing can have environmental impact in waste streams. Control of chemicals entering sewage and solid waste streams can be a municipal, provincial and/or federal regulatory requirement. Managers must ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Detailed Competencies = Performance indicators include but are not limited to:
- P1. Register with the Hazardous Waste Information Network (HWIN) or other waste management inventories per regulatory requirements.
- P2. Identify chemical risks that may impact the environment and sewage infrastructure (including chemical by-products resulting from processing operations).
- P3. Determine if wastewater streams require rectification such as pH adjustment prior to release to sewage.
- P4. Monitor processing waste streams for water and solid waste contamination.
- P5. Monitor Total Soluble Solids and Biological Oxygen Demand in wastewater streams.
- P6. Evaluate the need for further degradation option prior to wastewater release to sewage.
- P7. Calculate wastewater treatment surcharges with municipal services.
- P8. Monitor solid waste streams for chemical or biohazard risk.
- P9. Calculate solid waste surcharges for hazardous waste.
- P10. Identify and implement safe disposal protocols for solid waste with potential chemical contamination risks.
- P11. Identify and implement safe disposal protocols for surplus chemicals from food processing.
- P12. Evaluate opportunities to reduce or eliminate hazardous waste streams within the manufacturing system.
- P13. Communicate with Ministry of Environment or other allied organizations regarding compliance, monitoring, and reporting requirements.
Links to existing courses
- Tchobanoglous, G., Kreith, F. Handbook of Solid Waste Management – Second Edition. 2002. McGraw-Hill, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. (L01)
- Liu, S.X. Food and Agricultural Wastewater Utilization and Treatment. 2007. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa, USA. (L02)
- Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.L., Stensel, H.D., Metcalfe and Eddy. 2014. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Resource Recovery – 5th McGraw-Hill, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. (L02)
- https://www.epa.gov/smartsectors/food-manufacturing-pollution-prevention-techniques (L01, L02)
- Cooper, C.D., Alley, F.C. (2010) Air Pollution Control: A Design Approach – Fourth Edition. 2020., Waveland Press. (L03)
- https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/store/en/iso_14001_guide_preview.pdf (L04)
- https://bsi.learncentral.com/shop/Course.aspx?id=23853&name=ISO+14001%3a2015+Requirements+(TPECS) (L04)
- https://www.sgs.ca/en/training-services/environment/environmental-management/iso-14001-environmental-management-systems-awareness-training (L04)
- https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/store/en/iso_14001_guide_preview.pdf (L04)
Approved Accredited Training Programs (Academic, Industries, Private Trainer)
NA
Recognition of worker skills = Certification
NA
Evaluation technics / assessment
- Quizzes
- Written tests
- Multiple choice questions
